Monday 10 November 2008
Medication for Obesity
Prescription weight-loss medication
It's best to lose weight through a healthy diet and regular exercise. But if you're among those who struggle to lose weight and the excess weight has produced medical problems, prescription weight-loss drugs may be able to help you.
Your doctor may consider you a candidate for medication treatment if these criteria apply:
- Other methods of weight loss haven't worked for you.
- Your body mass index (BMI) is greater than 27 and you have medical complications of obesity, such as diabetes, high blood pressure or sleep apnea.
- Your BMI is greater than 30.
Two prescription drugs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for long-term weight loss. These drugs work in different ways and cause different side effects.
- Sibutramine (Meridia). This drug changes your brain chemistry, making you feel full
more quickly. Though sibutramine generally helps you lose more weight than you could through diet and exercise alone, it's no magic bullet. Studies have shown that after a year, sibutramine users lost an average of about 10 pounds more than did people simply following a low-calorie diet and taking a placebo. Side effects can include increased blood pressure, headache, dry mouth, constipation and insomnia. - Orlistat (Xenical). This drug prevents the absorption of fat in your intestines.
Unabsorbed fat is eliminated in the stool. Average weight loss with orlistat is modest — about 6 pounds after one year. Side effects associated with the drug include oily and frequent bowel movements. Because orlistat blocks absorption of some nutrients, your doctor will recommend that you also take a multivitamin. The FDA has approved a reduced-strength version of orlistat (Alli) to be sold without a prescription. This medication works the same as prescription-strength orlistat and is meant only to supplement — not replace — a healthy diet and regular exercise.
Surgical Treatment of Obesity
Obesity is a chronic medical condition without a "cure." For severely obese patients who have significant obesity-related medical complications (hypertension, diabetes, sleep apnea, etc.), surgery is an option. Generally, the weight criterion for surgery is to be at least 100 lbs. (45 kg.) over your ideal body weight. The surgical methods have changed over the years but can be divided into gastric (stomach) restrictive procedures and gastrointestinal (intestinal) bypass procedures.
Gastric (stomach) restrictive procedures
Vertical Banded Gastroplasty
The gastric restrictive procedures are performed in many medical centers. One of the most widely used procedures is the vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) sometimes with additional reinforcement of a small silastic ring. In VBG, the stomach is "stapled" to reduce its capacity to approximately 15 ml. (1/2 oz.) and a silastic ring is inserted to help prevent the stomach from "stretching" in size. What is formed is essentially a small stomach "pouch" that receives food from the esophagus and a much larger, unstapled stomach that receives small amounts of food from the proximal "pouch". When one eats, only a small amount of food can be consumed without the pouch becoming distended. This generally leads to a feeling of satiety or fullness. If one continues to eat, one will develop nausea, vomiting, or pain, which generally results in the termination of eating. Patients must adapt to their new, restricted stomach size and restrict their food intake to prevent these side-effects. Complications can result from the surgery. When gastroplasty is done by well-trained physicians, the mortality (death rate) from the surgery is under 1 %. 
Complications include risk of infection, obstruction (blockage) of the outlet necessitating surgical revision, development of blood clots in the legs or lungs, bleeding, metabolic or nutritional deficiencies (including protein calorie malnutrition), and recurrent vomiting. It is not uncommon to slowly develop vitamin (especially vitamin B-12) and mineral deficiencies resulting in anemia or osteoporosis (softening of the bones). After the surgery, the patient must be followed by physicians who are familiar with the long-term complications and required long-term treatment.
The effectiveness of the surgery is fair with average weight loss being between 50 and 100 lbs. (or about a loss of about 25% of initial weight) with about 50% of the weight loss being maintained at 5 years. It is generally common for the body weight to slowly increase after the first or second year. The surgery requires a modified diet to prevent nausea and vomiting and to help prevent other long-term side effects. Additionally, one can (partially) bypass the "restriction" by eating calorie-dense liquids such as ice cream or regular soda. Long-term changes in eating habits must take place in order for the surgery to be successful. Vertical Banded Gastroplasty, however, is a viable treatment alternative for severely overweight individuals but again, it is not a cure.
Gastric Banding |
The European literature (where the procedure has been performed for the last few years) show that weight loss is similar to the weight loss seen with vertical banded gastroplasty. The European literature thus far shows a relatively low incidence of side effects and surgical complication.
A major concern with this surgery is that it is, in essence, an old surgery (gastric banding) that was abandoned in the 1980's because of a high incidence of complications (bleeding and obstruction). Although this new approach is less invasive than the "old" banding procedure and the band is adjustable, this procedure is in essence a take-off on a bad basic procedure (gastric banding) which will likely result in the same long-term complications that occurred with the "old" surgery.
Gastrointestinal bypass procedures |
There is usually only mild malabsorption of nutrients (as compared to the old intestinal bypass surgery). Individuals undergoing this surgery will lose significant amounts of weight (mainly fat as opposed to lean body mass or muscle tissue) with about 50-60% of excess body weight being lost initially. Weight maintenance is generally excellent with usually only small increases in weight occurring over 5 years. Like any obesity surgery, the patient will require lifelong medical follow-up and treatment of the medical complications that usually occur (e.g., vitamin B12 deficiency and anemia).
This procedure can now be done laparoscopically, which offers a faster surgical recovery but with the potential of more severe surgical complications since it is a technically difficult procedure. The availability of new state of the art 3-D visualization equipment may make the laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass the procedure of choice for individuals electing to undergo surgical intervention for their obesity.
For a QuickTime movie (208 KB /approximately 60 seconds download with 28.8 modem) illustrating a a roux-en-y bypass, please click here (animation compliments of Vista Medical Technologies). If you don't have QuickTime, you may download it from Apple Computer (it works great on Macs and PC's) by clicking here.
Biliopancreatic bypass procedures (and similar extensive intestinal bypass procedures)
In these procedures, the digestive juices from the liver and pancreas are diverted to the distal small intestine near the entrance to the large intestine. Thus, food enters the stomach, rapidly transverses the distal small intestine (where absorption of nutrients primarily occurs), and is then delivered to the large intestine (where excess water from the stool is removed). This results in marked malabsorption of nutrients with subsequent marked weight loss (up to 80% of excess body weight). Since there is marked malabsorption of essential nutrients, the probability of vitamin, mineral, and protein-calorie malnutrition is significant. These procedures are probably best avoided at this time since the marked nutrient malabsorption may result in very severe long-term complications that may be similar to the old intestinal bypass operation.
source : http://www.weight.com/obesitysurgery.html
Do You Obesity? Check the Definition
Obesity is a term used to describe body weight that is much greater than what is considered healthy. There are many ways to determine if a person is obese, but experts believe that a person's body mass index (BMI) is the most accurate measurement of body fat for children and adults.
Adults with a BMI greater than 30 are considered obese. Adults with a BMI between 25 and 29.9 are considered overweight. There are exceptions. For example, an athlete may have a higher BMI but not be overweight.
Nearly two-thirds of the United States population is overweight. Anyone more than 100 pounds overweight is considered morbidly obese.
source : http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/symptoms/obesity/overview.html
10 Things You Should Know About LUPUS
1 - Lupus is an autoimmune, rheumatic disease.
In lupus, the immune system of the body attacks its own cells and tissues. Specifically, the joints, skin, kidneys, lungs, heart, nervous system, and other organs of the body are affected.
2 - There are five types of lupus.
- Systemic lupus erythematosus - affects joints and organs
- Discoid lupus - affects the skin
- Sub-acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus - characterized by a specific, non-scarring skin lesion
- Drug-induced lupus - develops after a drug reaction
- Neonatal lupus - affects newborns
3 - Ninety percent of lupus patients are women.
Lupus affects roughly 10 times as many women as men. Most often, lupus develops in people 18 to 45 years old. Though lupus is most prevalent among women, it also may affect men and children, as well as people of all ages.
4 - There are 11 American College of Rheumatology criteria for Lupus.
Lupus is differentiated from other connective tissue diseases, based on eleven criteria offered by the American College of Rheumatology for classification purposes.
- Butterfly-shaped rash across cheeks and nose
- Scaly disk-shaped rash on face, neck, ears, scalp, chest
- Sunlight sensitivity
- Mouth sores, tongue sores, inside nose sores
- Arthritis pain in joints
- Pain in chest and side when breathing or moving
- Kidney problems
- Neurologic problems
- Blood problems such as anemia, low white cell count
- Immune system malfunction
- Antinuclear antibodies
It is recommended that if you have four or more of the eleven criteria, you should consult with a rheumatologist.
5 - Lupus diagnosis may be difficult.
Lupus is considered an unpredictable disease, with no two cases exactly the same. The unique pattern of symptoms associated with lupus has caused some to say that lupus is like a snowflake. No two are alike. There are several symptoms of lupus which mimic other rheumatic diseases (e.g., severe fatigue), making the diagnostic process difficult.
6 - Lupus treatment depends on symptoms and severity of symptoms.
Conservative treatment with NSAIDs (i.e., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen) and plaquenil may be appropriate for lupus patients with non-life threatening symptoms such as joint pain, muscle pain, fatigue, and skin rashes. More aggressive treatment which may include high dose corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs is used when there are severe organ complications. The benefits and risks of treatment must be weighed by each patient and their doctor.
7 - Up to 1.5 million people across the nation may have lupus.
Though the Lupus Foundation of America estimates that 1.5 million Americans have lupus, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention offer a more conservative estimate of 237,000. Approximately 70 percent of lupus cases are systemic. In 50 percent of those cases, it is a major organ which is affected.
8 - Certain races have an increased risk of developing lupus.
According to the Lupus Foundation of America, lupus is two to three times more prevalent among people of color, including African-Americans, Hispanics, Asians, and Native Americans.
9 - The majority of lupus patients lead normal lives.
With careful monitoring of lupus, and treatment adjustments as needed, most lupus patients lead normal lives. There may be some limitations and the disease may impose restrictions at times but with good disease management quality of life can be sustained. The worst adversary comes from within, when the patient loses hope, loses will, and gives in to frustration and depression.
10 - A rheumatologist is a medical doctor who specializes in treating arthritis and other rheumatic conditions, including lupus.
Your primary care doctor can refer you to a rheumatologist , or you can get an appointment through self-referral if your health insurance allows it. Evaluation by a rheumatologist is important so that a patient can develop a treatment plan.
Source : http://arthritis.about.com/od/lupus/a/lupus_facts.htm
Monday 3 November 2008
PARE dan Manfaatnya
Sumber : http://www.distanhutdki.web.id
TIPS MENJADI LANGSING
DIET TAK SELAMANYA harus menyiksa. Paling tidak, begitulah menurut sejumlah ahli. Tidak hanya ahli gizi, dokter kesehatan olahraga, psikolog, dan konsultan gaya hidup sehat pun mencoba memberikan sejumlah saran sederhana. Misalnya, banyak minum air putih atau makan dengan jumlah yang kurang lebih sama setiap hari. Intinya, daripada menyiksa diri dengan diet super ketat yang membuat Anda senewen, lebih baik kembangkan pola makan yang benar dan sehat sedini mungkin, sebelum tubuh Anda ’mekar’. memang perlu melakukan diet penurunan bobot, lakukan dengan cara yang benar di bawah pengawasan dokter, Untuk langsing, juga perlu usaha. Tetapi, kalau Anda tahu strateginya, ternyata ngga rumit-rumit amat, kok.
imagine the new you
BERHENTI MEMIKIRKAN HAL-HAL NEGATIF, seperti perut yang membuncit atau tidak bisa makan coklat Sebagaii gantinya, bayangkan diri anda lebih langsing, lebih bugar, dan lebih sehat. Semakin nyata bayangan tersebut, semakin Anda merasa percaya diri untuk meraihnya. Setiap kali berpikir soal makan, misalnya, tanyakan pada diri sendiri seberapa lapar Anda pada skala 1-10. Kalau merasa skor Anda di bawah 5, coba untuk tidak makan atau paling tidak, tunda sejenak. Saat Anda betul-betul lapar, berhenti dan berpikirlah apakah makanan yang Anda pilih bisa membuat Anda senang atau apakah makanan tersebut cukup sehat untuk membantu Anda mencapai tujuan. Bila jawaban kedua pertanyaan tersebut tidak, lebih baik pilih makanan lain yang jauh lebih baik untuk tubuh Anda.
PETE COHEN, sports psychologist, personal trainer, dan salah satu penulis buku Slimming with Pete: Taking The Weight Off Body and Mind.
Perbanyak konsumsi sayur- sayuran segar
TAHUKAH ANDA, kebanyakan wanita yang ingin menurunkan berat badan mengalami defisiensi magnesium. Padahal, magnesium berguna untuk mengubah makanan menjadi enerji, bukannya menjadi lemak. Karena itu, konsumsilah lebih banyak buah dan sayur segar atau belum diolah. Sekali-sekali, untuk merangsang sistem metabolisme Anda, coba lakukan diet jus. Caranya, dalam sehari coba hanya makan atau minum jus buah atau sayur segar.
Memasak terlalu matang cenderung menghilangkan nutrisi penting dalam makanan. Terlalu sering makan masakan yang overcooked juga akan membuat perut dan limfe mudah mengalami gangguan. Kedua bagian ini dianggap sebagai area paling lemah, bila pola makan Anda buruk. Selain mengkonsumsi sayuran segar, coba pula untuk lebih sering mengkonsumsi biji-bijian atau gandum-ganduman. Dengan begitu, Anda telah memperkaya diet Anda dengan enzim yang berf ungsi menyeimbangkan sistem metabolisme. Berarti Anda juga sudah membantu tubuh melakukan penurunan berat badan dengan cara lebih sehat.
DR. GILLIAN MCKEITH, ahli gizi klinis yang berpraktek di Hampstead, London.
Melatih kebiasaan-kebiasaan baik
TARUHLAH, ANDA MEMANG PERLU BERDIET, Untuk mendukung program diet, coba kembangkan kebiasaan baik Anda. Ujung-ujungnya akan membantu Anda menjaga pola makan dan mempertahankan bobot. Satu di antaranya adalah kebiasaan membaca label kalori yang tertera di makanan kemasan. Hal ini tidak hanya akan melatih Anda menjadi konsumen peduli, tetapi juga mengetahui jenis, bahan, nilai nutrisi, dan besar kalori bahan pangan yang akan Anda konsumsi.
Akhirnya Anda akan lebih peduli pada bahan yang Anda makan. Juga sebesar apa risikonya untuk membuat Anda gemuk. Kebiasaan lain yang bisa Anda coba adalah makan malam sebelum pukul 18.00. Makan malam tiga sampai empat jam sebelum waktu tidur baik untuk pencernaan, sistem metabolisme tubuh secara keseluruhan, dan berat badan. Makan malam tidak terlalu larut mem-beri kesempatan pada pencernaan untuk membereskan pekerjaan lebih cepat. Hasil metabolisme juga masih sempat digunakan. Sebaliknya, makan malam sebelum tidur membuat kerja pencernaan kurang optimal. Akibatnya, akan terjadi timbunan yang tidak penting pada tubuh Anda.
PR0F.DR.AU KHOMSAN, ahli gizi masyarakat Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Makan porsi yang sama setiap hari
KONSISTEN DALAM HAL PEMASUKAN KALORI SETIAP HARI memangsangat penting. Sekali-sekali saja mengurangi makan hanya akan meringankan sistem metabolisme tubuh dalam jangka pendek dan justru bisa meningkatkan massa lemak dan menurunkan metabolisme jaringan otot dalam jangka panjang. Asupan kalori dan komposisi makanan yang berubah-ubah dalam waktu lama akan menyulitkan usaha penurunan berat badan. Bahkan, saat asupan kalori rata-rata per hari masih dalam batas normal (misalnya, 1500 kalori). Karena itu, menjaga kestabilan pemasukan nutrisi dan kalori harian merupakan cara penting untuk mencapai bobot tubuh sehat yang bertahan lama. Bila hari ini Anda makan dalam jumlah banyak, jangan hukum diri keesokan harinya dengan cara kelaparan. Sebagai gantinya, tetap makan dalam jumlah sewajarnya dan pilih jenis makanan yang lebih sehat.
J0ANNA HALL, konsultan gaya hidup, spesialisasi olahraga dan nutrisi program manajamen berat badan di www. joannahall-lifestyle.com.
Tak asal kenyang dan senang
PERTAMA-TAMA, PASTIKAN ANDA SENANTIASA mendapatkan asupan nutrisi yang dibutuhkan untuk mencapai bentuk tubuh langsing. Cermati bahwa makanan bernutrisi tinggi yang melangsingkan tidak selalu membuat Anda kenyang dan senang. Karena itu, makanan yang hanya menyenangkan dan mengenyangkan. Makanan macam ini biasanya berupa tiga jenis; cemilan berikut: goreng-gorengan, makanan tinggi kalori, dan makanan manis. Menjadikan ketiganya sebagai teman kala suka dan duka sama saja dengan meneken kontrak gemuk dalam waktu tidak lama lagi.
Lauk-pauk yang digoreng, seperti tempe atau tahu, yang dimakan bersama nasi biasanya dikonsumsi dalam batas wajar. Tetapi, bila Anda sedang; menjalani program diet ketat, lauk gorengan yang manis atau tinggi kalori! tetap harus dibatasi. Bukankah menggoreng berarti menambah lemakdan kalori pada makanan? Lain lagi ceritanya bila gorengan, makanan dan tinggi kalori ini hadir dalam bentuk cemilan. Selain nilai nu; minim, cemilan juga cenderung dikonsumsi dalam jumlah banyak, terus menerus, dan membuat penasaran. Disitulah letak baha, Anda bisa kenyang dan senang dengan cemilan macam ini. Tetapi, jangan harap Anda menjadi sehat dan langsing, ya...
DR. ELVINA KARYADI, PHD, spesialis gizi SEAM TROPMED, Pusat Kajian Gizi Regional UI
Pertimbanskan kualitas bukan Kuantitas
COBA ANDA CERMATI, bila sedang menikmati makanan yang betul-betul Anda sukai, gigitan pertama dan terakhirlah yang akan terasa paling menyenangkan, Selebihnya, bagian di antara gigitan pertama |dan terakhir tidak terlalu besar artinya alias akan berlalubegjtusaja di mulut Anda. Jadi, pilih porsi yang tidak terlalu besar ambil makanan secukupnya. Jangan tergoda untuk mengambil lebih banyak dari yang Anda inginkan atau butuhkan.
Jebakan yang sering Anda temui misalnya godaan too-good-to-miss food (Ah, ... chesse cake ini terlalu enak untuk dilewatkan). Anda boleh saja makan kue itu. Tetapi tidak perlu mengambil potongan besar, bukan?Potongan kecil yang sedap sudah cukup memuaskan. Godaan lain adalah promosi rumah makan. Misalnya, Anda biasanya makan sepiring spaghetti porsi sedang, Tetapi, karena sedang ada promosi Anda memilih porsi yang besar. Toh, dengan harga yang sama, Anda dapat porsi dua kali lebih besar. Nah, kalau itu yang terjadi, Anda sudah terjebak.
DR.SUSAN JEBB, Head of Nutrition and Health, the Medical Research Council’s Human Nutrition Resen Center, Cambridge, Inggris.
Banyak minum air putih, bukan mitos
TAK ADA YANG MENYANGKAL PENTINGNYA AIR PUTIH BAGI TUBUH Air memegang peran vital dalam hampir seluruh proses biologis, dari pemapasan, pencernaan, hingga sirkulasi dalam tubuh. Air mengangkut nutrisi dan juga membuang racun dari dalam tubuh, Manfaat lain bagi mereka yang berdiet, air membuat tahan lapar. Air putih tawar, baik dingin, hangat, maupun panas, tak akan membuat Anda lebih gemuk, karena air tidak mengandung kalori (zero calorie). Minum segelas air dingin, bila timbul keinginan untuk ngemil. Perciki dengan jeruk lemon (tanpa menambah gula), bila Anda ingin air es dengan sensasi yang berbeda.
Minum air putih begitu bangun tidur atau sesaat sebelum tidur untuk meredakan rasa lapar yang timbul ketika bangun atau hendak tidur. Minum air putih sebelum tiba waktu makan, sehingga perut akan terasa penuh dan keinginan mengambil makanan dalam porsi besar berkurang. Pokoknya, jangan lupa minum banyak air putih. Selebihnya, tentu Anda harus mengubah pola makan yang salah menjadi pola makan yang sehat dan bergizi. Ini lebih baik daripada Anda melakukan diet super ketat.
PINNY P. SUTEIO, ahli gizi, konsultan dan pengajar nutrisi.
Pilih karbohidrat kompleks
SALAH SATU PRINSIP PENTING DALAM BERDIET adalah memilih karbohidrat kompleks. Karbohidrat sederhana, seperti gula pasir, makanan yang bergula, nasi putih, roti putih, mi instant, bubur ayam, atau minuman makanan manis memiliki watak yang kurang baik bagi tubuh, Sebaliknya, karbohidrat kompleks, seperti nasi merah, roti gandum, pasta, oatmeal, ubi, jagung, atau pisang, lebih menguntungkan.
Respons insulin karbohidrat kompleks terhadap tubuh berlangsung lambat atau sedikit demi sedikit. Artinya, karena dilepaskan bertahap, gula darah cenderung digunakan secara optimal, sehingga kemungkinan untuk ditimbun atau disimpan dalam sel lemak berkurang. Tingkat enerji yang dihasilkan karbohidrat kompleks juga tinggi, sehingga cocok untuk menjaga stamina saat berolahraga. Efek menggemukkan karbohidrat kompleks ini juga lebih kecil.
Contohnya, pilih bubur kacang hijau dengan gula merah (jangan gula pasir dan jangan bubuhi santan), sandwich roti gandum dengan se lai rendah kalori untuk sarapan. Pilih juga gado-gado tanpa lontong (ganti kentang rebus), sirloin/tenderloin steak dengan kentang rebus. kacang kulit, atau kacang rebus. Dan makan malam berupa nasi merah dengan lauknya.
DR.PHAIDON LUMBAN TORUAN, MM, sports and fitness department, Indonesia Anti Aging Society.
Sumber : http://www.jadilangsing.com
Manfaat Susu
Susu Dan Kalsium: Dua Hal Yang Selalu Dibutuhkan
Di usia antara satu sampai sepuluh tahun, anak Anda membutuhkan sedikitnya dua kali lebih banyak kalsium daripada orang dewasa pada umumnya agar tubuhnya dapat mencapai pertumbuhan massa tulang yang terbaik di masa dewasanya. Dengan memberikan kalsium yang cukup di masa pertumbuhan ini, tubuh anak Anda dapat memaksimalkan retensi kalsium dan penguatan tulang. Kalsium juga berguna untuk fungsi tubuh vital lainnya seperti konduksi saraf, regulasi denyut jantung, kontraksi otot dan menyembuhan luka.
Makanan sehari-hari kita memberikan banyak sumber kalsium yang lezat. Berbagai jenis makanan enak yang dapat memastikan keluarga Anda mendapatkan kalsium adalah:
• Ikan dengan duri lunak seperti ikan sardin.
• Produk kedelai seperti tahu dan tempe
• Sayuran hijau seperti bayam dan kailan.
• Buah-buahan seperti kismis, korma, prune dan apricot.
Dari berbagai jenis sumber kalsium, susu adalah sumber yang terbaik. Hal ini disebabkan karena susu memberikan kalsium yang lebih dibandingkan hanya dari makanan saja. Kalsium yang didapatkan tubuh haruslah dengan mudah dicerna dan diserap, dan kalsium di dalam susu sangat mudah dicerna dan diserap oleh tubuh. Anda bisa memastikan kebutuhan kalsium anak Anda cukup dengan memberikan ia dua gelas susu sehari.
Sumber : http://abdii.multiply.com/journal/item/63
Resep Obat Demam Berdarah a la Balittro
Anda pernah sakit Demam Berdarah? Untuk saya, awal tahun 2007 ini adalah kali ketiga saya terserang sakit Demam Berdarah :( Sayangnya lagi, saya, yang tinggal di Bogor ini, ketinggalan berita tentang resep obat herbal untuk mengatasi Demam Berdarah a la Balittro (Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik). Nah, karena itu, saya jadi merasa perlu menuliskan resep tersebut di blog ini :)
Resep
Bahan-bahan
- Kunyit 2-4 jari
- Temuireng 2-3 buah
- Daun menuran 3-4 buah
- Daun pepaya tua 2 lembar
- Daun jambu merah 2-3 lembar
- Garam secukupnya
Cara Pemakaian
- Semua bahan dicuci bersih, dihancurkan dengan blender + 1 gelas air
- cairan diperas dan diminum setiap 4 jam sampai pulih
Sunday 2 November 2008
Athletes are Prone to Dermatological Irritation: What Can Be Done?
That is a painful problem. It is an expensive problem. And it is a problem that can curtail seasons; it can derail careers; it can mean the difference between playing and not playing, winning and losing.
In Search of Topical Pain Relief
And it’s not limited to Beckett, pitchers, or even baseball players. Athletes of all stripes risk injury due to blisters, abrasions, eczema, cuts...all dermatological concerns that demand topical pain relief. And, it doesn’t end there: Those who participate in outdoor sports—tennis, sailing, skiing, and so on—frequently suffer from sunburn. Those who sweat a lot in workouts or competition such as basketball players, gymnasts, and runners have to deal with chafing. It especially helps runners to prevent blisters, abrasions, and also expedites in healing. These are recurring problems that demand chronic pain management. Yet, many athletes downplay these concerns, oftentimes because such injuries are not considered severe. Hey, it’s not a broken bone or a torn hamstring, so how bad can it be? It can be bad enough to cause an athlete to lose a step, or to favor a certain leg, arm or muscle group. It can also be bad enough to lead to more severe injuries. Just ask Josh Beckett.
As such, athletes aiming to remain in top form should seek to treat their dermatological concerns via natural health remedies. Indeed, natural pain relief is the optimum method for keeping an athlete’s skin healthy and hydrated. In fact, the importance of hydration itself cannot be overstated. Of course, the simplest and most effective method for staying hydrated is to simply drink water. And for athletes, who lose a great deal of fluids through sweating, water should be consumed frequently. In fact, it’s said that even 2 percent dehydration decreases an athlete’s performance by as much as 10 percent. Adequate hydration is crucial in keeping one’s skin healthy.
For athletes already suffering from blisters, abrasions or the like, simple powders and ointments such as Johnson’s Baby Powder or Gold Bond Medicated Ant-Itch Cream can be purchased inexpensively, and can provide tremendous relief. Even petroleum jelly can be applied to cuts or chafed areas to provide immediate topical pain relief.
For athletes suffering from dermatological issues, chronic pain management can truly be that basic. Again, let’s take the example of Josh Beckett: The Red Sox hurler addressed his blisters issue with…surgery? Laser treatment? Nope. He used Band-Aids.
Which doesn’t mean that Band-Aids or baby powder are the only methods for treatment, or even the most effective ones (it should be noted that Beckett’s Band-Aid solution prevented him from throwing his curveball during bullpen sessions, and his on-field performance suffered as a result).
Advanced Natural Pain Relief
For athletes looking for more advanced natural pain relief, XTreme Skin Ointment (http://www.xtremeskin.com) offers a wide range of healing capabilities: It creates a breathable, protective barrier for the skin; it locks out germs and bacteria, and locks in moisture; and it accelerates the skin’s healing process. Natural health remedies like XTreme Skin Ointment can (and should) be used as a preventative measure, but they can also be applied to damaged areas.
It must be stated that no athlete is immune to dermatological issues: Bowlers will often suffer from blisters and cuts; rock climbers, from cracked skin and burns; horseback riders, from chafing; swimmers, from dry skin; weightlifters, from calluses. And, too many athletes will try and play through these problems when they should be seeking out chronic pain management techniques and natural pain relief.
Source : http://www.articlecity.com by: Tom Maroney
Saturday 1 November 2008
Basic Life Support(BLS) Training with living human CPR dummy
( from : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cNaUjAWBhc )
Acne Fact and Fiction! Do Stress, Facials and Concealer's Help to Promote or Reduce Acne Breakouts?
What is Acne? People have differing opinions as to what acne really is. So, what exactly is acne? Do a couple of occasional but recurring zits qualify as a case of acne or do you have to have a lot of zits?
Believe it or not, the answer is that occasional pimples or zits do not constitute a true case of acne. Although zits do seem to have the ability to appear almost instantaneously and at the most inopportune times like picture day, prom night, spelling bees, sporting events, dates, and special award ceremonies, they are not a true acne outbreak.
The dictionary defines acne as "an inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands, characterized by comedones and pimples, especially on the face, back, chest, and, in severe cases, by cysts and nodules resulting in scarring."
The anatomical definition of sebaceous glands is: "small subcutaneous glands usually connected with hair follicles. The follicles secrete an oily semi-fluid matter, composed in great part of fat, which softens and lubricates the hair and skin."
Real acne outbreaks are actually a disease of the skin. However, the great news is that acne is treatable. Although it can be very embarrassing, cause great emotional distress, and lower your personal self-esteem for a period of time, acne is not fatal.
There are new and effective treatments being sought by researchers and great advances have been made in the treatment of acne in the last few years. Years ago, when a person had acne, they were pretty much stuck with the problem. There were very few treatments available and the medical profession didn't even consider acne a disease.
It was long thought that acne was the direct result of a diet that was too high in fat and/or sweets. That is no longer the case. Acne is most often associated with puberty and the onset of pre-teen and teenage years but it can and does develop in adults as well. When acne does finally heal, there can be permanent scars left (from picking and popping) that are unsightly and cause patients to suffer long term emotional distress and low self- esteem.
New and very effective skin resurfacing treatments have been developed over the last several years that have, if not completely removed acne scars, at least diminished their appearance and severity.
Acne Fact or Fiction:
You can hear a lot of tall tales about acne today, so let's take a look at the fact or fiction of acne. It is always better to be well armed with factual information so that you don't get fooled by the fictional facts that surround acne.
Fictional Fact #1: Acne is caused by a lack of sexual activity.
Factual Fact: Acne and sexual activity are two entirely separate issues. One has no bearing on the other. Hormones secreted during puberty and young adulthood does have a bearing on acne. They also have a bearing on sexual arousal and activity. However, acne has no bearing on sexual activity nor does sexual activity have any bearing on acne.
Fictional Fact #2: People have acne because they are dirty.
Factual Fact: Dirt has no part in acne. Dirt is dirt. Acne is acne. One has nothing to do with the other. Acne is a build up of oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria. Dirt isn't involved. Keeping the face clean can and will help to prevent clogged pores but dirt does not cause acne.
Fictional Fact #3: Dermatologists can cure acne.
Factual Fact: Dermatologists can TREAT acne. They can help to alleviate the symptoms and help to clear up the pimples, black-heads, and white heads. They can prescribe antibiotics and topical ointments, lotions, and creams that will help but there is no cure at this time for acne.
Fictional Fact #4: Acne is simply a skin problem.
Factual Fact: It's true that acne affects the skin but it can also affect the way a person sees himself or herself. Acne and the scarring it can leave behind may cause a sufferer to become depressed and develop low self-esteem, both of which can lead to larger and more complex life socialization problems. Acne sufferers need the loving support and reassurance from their family and friends.
Acne and Stress:
Can stress actually cause acne? There is ample evidence available to suggest that stress can most assuredly cause an acne breakout or make an existing breakout worse. Our bodies are highly developed chemical laboratories that produce all sorts of stuff.
At puberty, our body begins to produce an abundance of male hormones and this happens in both boys and girls. This overproduction of male hormones can happen at other times in life besides puberty; for example, when a girl or woman starting or stops taking birth control pills.
These male hormones cause the bodies sebaceous glands to shift into overdrive and begin producing sebum. The sebum then travels up hair follicles, clogs the pores and begins the acne development cycle. However, male hormones are not the only cause for the sebaceous glands to begin producing an overabundance of sebum. When we become extremely stressed or overly emotional, our bodies react by causing the adrenal glands to produce a substance known as Cortisol, which is released directly into the bloodstream. Then the chemical chain reaction continues as the sebaceous glands release sebum, the sebum travels up the same hair follicles, clogs the pores and acne develops.
The physical changes in the body can cause exactly the same chemical chain reaction as the emotional changes in the mind. The mind/body connection is very real. Maybe some of it really IS in your head. If that's the case, there is help available to help people deal with the acne that is caused by stress. Reducing stress will just naturally reduce sebum production by the sebaceous glands and reducing sebum production will help to alleviate an acne breakout. Therefore, when you learn to reduce and control you stress levels, this part of the chemical chain reaction is minimized.
It really it isn't any different than restoring a hormonal balance to your body that reduces sebum production. So, in the final analysis, both factors that cause excessive sebum production should be addressed. Solving one problem might help; however, solving both problems could eliminate acne altogether.
Acne Facials:
If you are part of the 95 of the population who suffer from acne, you have more than likely seen TV or print media advertisements for acne facials. Have you ever wondered if there is anything to the claims that their manufacturers make?
In general, the answer is yes! Most acne facials are very effective, pretty much worth the price, and can be used in conjunction with your usual acne fighting regime. They won't necessarily replace any part of what you are already doing; but, rather enhance the overall effects.
You can find acne facials in most health stores, at many cosmetic counters, and online. As a matter of fact, you can probably complete a better comparison of available products online than you can anywhere else.
Most of these acne facial products provide for a three-step program. The first step is a complete facial cleansing. The next step is a steam massage. The final step is a facial mask. The first two steps are designed to prepare the face. The steam massage softens the black heads and the white heads to remove toxins from your skin. The facial mask serves to remove the dead skin cells from the face and to moisturize it as well. The overall effect of the acne facial is a very relaxing, calming, and cleansing experience. It just plain feels good. Anything that helps to calm and sooth your stress can't be bad because we all know that acne is aggravated by high stress levels. Acne facial masks can be used in addition to other parts of your acne prevention and treatment regime or you may find that the facial can, in fact, actually replace some things that you are currently doing.
Acne Concealer's:
One of Newton's laws of physics laws says that, "For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction." That law of physics spills over into a lot of our life situations. For example: A young woman gets a zit and wants to cover it up. The cosmetics industry has a multitude of products designed to do just that. Okay, that's a little far out there but you get my point.
The acne pimples, whether they are white heads or black heads should never be picked at or popped. If they are popped or picked, it can and normally does result is a scar that is much harder to get rid of than the actual pimple, black head or white head. Popping a pimple is not going to make it go away. In fact, popping a pimple is only going to make the acne worse.
Still when you get a zit, you have to go out and face the world so you are looking for ways to make your skin look clear. You want to disguise the zit and make it as unnoticeable as possible. Here is where the cosmetic industry can help. There are a multitude of products designed to make a zit less noticeable. You don't want to use a product that just adds to the problem by adding additional oil to already oily skin. So, you do need to remember, that when you use a cover product to make the zit less noticeable, you need to totally clean the product from your skin immediately when you return home.
Some of the better known as well as more effective cosmetic concealer's on the market today are:
1. Dermablend Smooth Indulgence Concealer: This product produces a smooth matte appearance and was designed specifically for covering acne blemishes as well as for covering Rosacea and dark circles under the eyes.
2. Flawless Skin by Prescriptives: This product will not aggravate acne but will supply a medium to full coverage and it contains SPF 25 for protection from the sun.
Don't let acne control you; but rather, become smart and learn how to control the negative influences in your life that create a positive situation for acne to develop!
( source : http://www.articlecity.com by Stephen M. Seabrook )
Linking sexual and reproductive health and rights with the HIV response
Using the example of Mongolia’s successful Round 7 Global Fund proposal, this briefing shows that resources can be successfully mobilised to support integrated approaches that link sexual and reproductive health and rights, and HIV (SRHR/HIV).
This briefing also shows how civil society played a key role in making this happen – in particular, the National AIDS Foundation (NAF), the partner organisation of the International HIV/ AIDS Alliance in Mongolia.
Mongolia’s final proposal for Round 7 was for US$2.9 million. It focused on scaling up universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support for vulnerable populations (such as sex workers, people living with HIV and men who have sex with men), and strengthening the health sector. The process of developing the proposal also led to a number of important lessons, as follows:
* The Global Fund can provide an opportunity to secure significant resources for integrated SRHR and HIV approaches, where impact on the HIV epidemic can be demonstrated.
* Civil society has vital and diverse roles in scaling up SRHR/HIV integration, through service provision, community mobilisation, advocacy and national decision-making.
* If civil society is to fully and effectively engage in national policy-making and advocacy processes, it needs financial and technical resources to build the full range of capacities and systems.
* There is a vital need for civil society to access independent sources of information. Resources such as the guidance on minimum requirements for the functioning of Country Coordinating Mechanisms are powerful supportive tools, presenting ‘official’ frameworks, and challenging long-held perceptions.
* Any approach to increase SRHR/HIV integration needs to be strategic and comprehensive for example, in ensuring that resources are assigned for building the capacity and sustainability of community groups, including SRHR organisations.
( source article/picture : http://www.aidsalliance.org / www.isabelperez.com )